Teacher gesture recognition aims to identify and interpret teacher gestures within academic settings. It has been applied in domains such as teaching performance evaluation, the optimization of online education, and special needs education. However, the background similarity of teacher gestures, the inter-class similarity, and the intra-class…

Oral explanations (OE) by teachers are one of the most common forms of communication in the classroom to support students' comprehension of subject-specific content. Thus, students have to deal with the language the teachers use in explanations. Research indicates that linguistic features (LF) of texts can influence students' comprehension as they…

Telecollaboration in pre-service teacher education promotes intercultural communicative competence and bridges knowledge and practice. Although a growing body of studies has addressed the affordances of telecollaboration for developing student-teachers' (STs') competencies, research focusing on their knowledge of classroom interaction--and on…

This article examines teacher ideologies and multilingual practices in teaching Arabic as a heritage language in the USA. Using indexicality and its nexus to language ideologies, it identifies the key index values assigned to Standard Arabic (SA) and how these shape teacher positioning for teaching Arabic heritage. The article also analyzes the…

This study contributes to discussions on facilitating students' sense-making in science by analyzing the utterances of high-achieving students in dialogues during practical work and identifying characteristics of their language use and learning processes. The context of the study is a general science course at an upper secondary school in Norway.…

Multimodal text types hold promise for promoting classroom discourse. Because of the ways that language combines with various other modes such as sound and movement, video-based texts can offer access points for meaning-making and engagement that print-only text cannot. Through the lens of New Literacies, this mixed methods study examines one…

A compulsory foreign language in Finland starts now in Grade 1 instead of Grade 3. The change has forced teachers to adopt new teaching methods. As young learners are not yet literate, teaching should focus on oral skills and awareness of diversity. Video data from 19 early foreign language lessons of five English, German, or French teachers in…

Background/purpose: This study addresses a critical lacuna in language teacher education by implementing and evaluating a video-enhanced coaching program designed to strengthen interactive skills and self-efficacy among English as a Foreign Language (EFL) pre-service teachers. Materials/methods: Conducted over two academic years, the research…

We report on U.S. middle school Arabic-speaking students who were agentive in translanguaging for disciplinary learning during social studies inquiry and suggest specific ways that students' academic learning and bilingual development can be supported through translanguaging in the context of English-dominant classrooms. We engaged in design-based…

It is commonly agreed that learner target language output and spoken interaction are essential to communicative language learning. This video-based classroom observation study of five lower secondary schools in Norway investigated how second language (L2) English and third language (L3) French teachers responded to their students when they spoke…

Engaging students in talking science in the classroom is key to their successful learning and the basis for more advanced practices such as developing critical thinking skills. Talking science, however, is challenging to many students who do not get to speak their mother tongue in the classroom. Although studies conducted in multilingual contexts…

A key pedagogical goal in any classroom is to engage students in learning. This study examines how an English-Medium-Instruction (EMI) teacher employs available resources to engage his students in the classroom for promoting participation, keeping the lesson moving forward and meeting the pedagogical goals. The data for this study is based on a…

According to the Michigan Department of Education, between 2011 and 2017, the number of multilingual learners (MLs) enrolled in K-12 schools in the state increased by more than 50%. In 2017, the average teacher to ML ratio in the state was an alarmingly low 1:168. To increase the number of teachers prepared to effectively serve MLs, we developed…