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Direct linkJan Kalenda; Ellen Boeren – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2025
International organisations have measured adult learning participation since the 1990s, using surveys like the Adult Education Survey (AES) and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). These surveys employ a 'triadic' classification of learning activities -- formal (FAE), non-formal (NFE) and informal learning…
Descriptors: Classification, Adult Education, Adult Students, Participation
Rivka Gadot; Dina Tsybulsky – Smart Learning Environments, 2025
Critical thinking (CT) consists of a deliberate and reflective process that can lead to informed decisions. It involves scrutinizing the trustworthiness and consistency of underlying assumptions, the sources of data, and the validity of other information. CT embodies deliberate, self-regulated judgment incorporating cognitive abilities such as…
Descriptors: Critical Thinking, Data Collection, Information Management, Decision Making Skills
