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Jean-Paul Fox – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2025
Popular item response theory (IRT) models are considered complex, mainly due to the inclusion of a random factor variable (latent variable). The random factor variable represents the incidental parameter problem since the number of parameters increases when including data of new persons. Therefore, IRT models require a specific estimation method…
Descriptors: Sample Size, Item Response Theory, Accuracy, Bayesian Statistics
Yongyun Shin; Stephen W. Raudenbush – Grantee Submission, 2025
Consider the conventional multilevel model Y=C[gamma]+Zu+e where [gamma] represents fixed effects and (u,e) are multivariate normal random effects. The continuous outcomes Y and covariates C are fully observed with a subset Z of C. The parameters are [theta]=([gamma],var(u),var(e)). Dempster, Rubin and Tsutakawa (1981) framed the estimation as a…
Descriptors: Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Sampling, Error of Measurement
Huang Ham; Bonan Zhao; Thomas L. Griffiths; Natalia Vélez – Cognitive Science, 2025
A hallmark of effective teaching is that it grants learners not just a collection of facts about the world, but also a toolkit of abstractions that can be applied to solve new problems. How do humans teach abstractions from examples? Here, we applied Bayesian models of pedagogy to a necklace-building task where teachers create necklaces to teach a…
Descriptors: Teaching Methods, Instructional Effectiveness, Skill Development, Problem Solving

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