Background: Feeding difficulties, including aspiration risk, are common in children with Down syndrome. Identifying factors affecting feeding modality is crucial. Method: This cross-sectional study included 335 children with Down syndrome (aged 4-12 years; mean 5.2). Feeding was assessed using the Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS), the Screening…

This study examines the differences in third-party punishment and compensation behaviors in 3- to 5-year-old children (N = 114) in fair and unfair distribution contexts. Using both third-party punishment and compensation paradigms, the study involved Chinese-speaking preschool children. The results showed: (1) Children's intention and degree of…

The mental health and well-being of children and adolescents are critical public health concerns globally. This cross-sectional study analysed nationally representative data from the combined 2016-2022 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 239,534) to produce estimates of parent-reported diagnoses of children's anxiety, depression and…

Phelan-McDermid syndrome (PMS), caused by "SHANK3" haploinsufficiency, lacks natural history data. We report the trajectory of adaptive behavior from a prospective, longitudinal, natural history study. English-speaking people aged 3-21 years with a PMS molecular diagnosis were followed over 2 years. We analyzed longitudinal Vineland…

Research Findings: Empathy plays an important role in children's early social-emotional development. However, there are not many instruments available for measuring the different aspects/levels of empathy in preschool children. Moreover, few studies examined the validity of the existing measures for empathy in Chinese children. The present study…

Background: The reciprocal relationships between literacy skills and various subscales of mental health have been examined in few studies. The objective is to re-examine this question in a longitudinal study with the possibility of a gender effect. Methods: A 4-year longitudinal study was conducted as part of the French national cohort ELFE (N =…

Delay of gratification tasks have an impressive predictive value for various outcomes and are designed to measure self-regulation. Since many behavioural and psychological conditions in children are related to limitations in self-regulation, the extent to which delay tasks can be used as a screening for the detection of psychopathology is…

Using data extracted from the Parent and Family Involvement in Education Survey of the 2019 National Household Education Surveys Program, this study used a series of linear probability models to examine the association between family-school relationships and exclusionary discipline. The sample included 15,360 U.S. families of K-12 non-homeschooled…

Studies have shown that there are differences between the presentations of males and females diagnosed with autism. There remains a developing understanding about how the presentation of autism differs between boys (hereafter referred to as 'assigned males at birth') and girls (assigned females at birth). This study sought to investigate the…

Background: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental condition, more often diagnosed in males. In many individuals, particularly females, ADHD is diagnosed later or missed, the reasons for this are not fully understood. Timely diagnosis is needed to provide support, management, and treatment to improve…

Research Findings: This study aims to examine the latent profiles of parents' mediation and their predictors, as well as links between different profiles and children's problematic media use. A total of 1415 children aged 3-6 years (47.8% boys) and their paired parents were recruited in Shanghai, China and surveyed demographic information,…

The association between the quality of teacher-student relationships and children's psychological adjustment has been mainly studied in Western countries; however, this research topic is gaining more interest in Eastern countries. Based on attachment theory and empirical evidence, this cross-sectional study examined the relationship between…

Callous-unemotional (CU) traits are associated with severe conduct problems (CP) in youth. Causal theories for CU traits focus on emotion processing deficits that interfere with empathy development. However, though CU traits are consistently associated with deficits in affective empathy (i.e., emotional reactivity), the association between CU…

This study examined the impact of psychological capital--comprising hope, optimism, resilience, and self-efficacy--on comprehensive mental health, defined by the dual criteria of the absence of psychopathological symptoms and the presence of positive functioning. The participants of the study included 429 (65.5% female) Turkish adolescents,…

Girls, more than boys, experience a decrease in the severity of autism symptoms during childhood. It is unclear, however, which specific autistic behaviors change more for girls than for boys. Trajectories of autism symptoms were evaluated using the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-calibrated severity scores (ADOS-CSS). Change in the…