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Andrew Runge; Sarah Goodwin; Yigal Attali; Mya Poe; Phoebe Mulcaire; Kai-Ling Lo; Geoffrey T. LaFlair – Language Testing, 2025
A longstanding criticism of traditional high-stakes writing assessments is their use of static prompts in which test takers compose a single text in response to a prompt. These static prompts do not allow measurement of the writing process. This paper describes the development and validation of an innovative interactive writing task. After the…
Descriptors: Material Development, Writing Evaluation, Writing Assignments, Writing Skills
Michael Suhan; Mikyung Kim Wolf – Language Testing, 2026
Large language models, such as OpenAI's GPT-4, have the potential to revolutionize automated writing evaluation (AWE). The present study examines the performance of the GPT-4 model in evaluating the writing of young English as a foreign language learners. Responses to three constructed response tasks (n = 1908) on Educational Testing Service's…
Descriptors: Language Tests, Automation, Computer Assisted Testing, Scoring
Shungo Suzuki; Judit Kormos – Language Testing, 2025
The current study examined the extent to which first language (L1) utterance fluency measures can predict second language (L2) fluency and how L2 proficiency moderates the relationship between L1 and L2 fluency. A total of 104 Japanese-speaking learners of English completed different argumentative speech tasks in their L1 and L2. Their speaking…
Descriptors: Native Language, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, Language Fluency

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