This article presents a theoretical review of and methodological guidelines for the study of two key notions in second language acquisition research, complexity and difficulty. The term "complexity" has gained considerable currency over the past decades and has taken on a wide range of meanings. We argue for a more restricted…

There is a rich history of examining the functions and activities of public administration through the lens of complexity theory. Arguments for training and educating public administrators in this discipline are both longstanding and highly relevant in the modern-day context. This paper seeks to add to the existing literature which explores…

Mathematical problem-solving places heavy demands on children's developing working memory capacity. This review examines how offloading numerical information using embodied (e.g. finger counting) or external tools (e.g. manipulatives) can reduce cognitive load and improve mathematical task performance. Strategic offloading emerges in childhood;…

In recent years, first responders have faced increasing challenges in their operations, highlighting a growing need for specialized and comprehensive training. In particular, the firefighting incident commanders (ICs) are playing a pivotal role, providing directions to field operators and making critical decisions in emergency situations. Over…

Inquiry-based learning (IBL) represents a dynamic pedagogical approach in science education, driven by a foundation of deep theoretical constructs. This paper meticulously examines the cornerstone theoretical underpinnings of IBL, centering on constructivism, situated cognition, and cognitive load theories. Constructivism, epitomized by Piaget's…

'Programa de Especialização Docente Brasil' (PED Brasil) is a learning and professional development program in mathematics or science education for primary or secondary in-service schoolteachers. Designed to be a teacher education program that addresses issues related to educational quality and equity in racially, socially, and academically…

In this opinion piece, we explore the idea that GenAI has the potential to fundamentally disrupt computer science education (CSE) by drawing insights from 10 pedagogical and cognitive theories and models. We highlight how GenAI improves CSE by making educational practices more effective and requires less effort and time, and all at a lower cost,…

Access to core subject-area curriculum for students from immigrant backgrounds who are learning the dominant language of instruction has long been a barrier to equitable education around the world, especially in secondary schools. This article explores the promise of Complex Instruction (CI) to address barriers to access for such multilingual…