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Marcy E. Gallo; Laurie Harris – Congressional Research Service, 2025
The federal government is the largest source of academic research and development (R&D) funding in the United States, providing funds through more than two dozen federal agencies. U.S. colleges and universities, often referred to as institutions of higher education (IHEs), play a role in the U.S. R&D ecosystem and in supporting American…
Descriptors: Universities, Educational Research, Federal Aid, Costs
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Lisa Neidert; Reynolds Farley; Jeffrey Morenoff – RSF: The Russell Sage Foundation Journal of the Social Sciences, 2025
This article traces the history of census undercount and its importance to civil rights. The Constitution mandates a census and calls for Congress to use the results to apportion seats in Congress and the Electoral College. A substantial undercount in the census will misallocate congressional and electoral college votes. More recently,…
Descriptors: Census Figures, Civil Rights, Legislators, Disproportionate Representation
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Abigail Stebbins; Amy Brass – Social Studies and the Young Learner, 2025
When teaching the Civil Rights Movement in elementary classrooms, heroic figures such as Rosa Parks and Martin Luther King Jr. tend to dominate the curricular landscape. While it is essential for students to learn about their contributions and struggles, it is equally important to frame the broader injustices they were combating. In this article,…
Descriptors: Social Studies, Civil Rights, Racism, Elementary Education
Cassandria Dortch – Congressional Research Service, 2025
The Federal Pell Grant program is the largest program providing need-based grant aid to postsecondary students. In FY2023, the program made $31 billion in grant aid available to approximately 6.5 million low-income undergraduate students. Congress has considered several legislative proposals concerning Pell Grants in recent years, and it may…
Descriptors: Federal Aid, Grants, Need Analysis (Student Financial Aid), Government Role
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Jeremiah Clabough; John H. Bickford – Social Studies, 2025
In this article, we utilize resources mainly provided by the Edward M. Kennedy Institute for the United States Senate along with other primary and secondary sources to discuss a unit plan for students to research voting rights issues in modern American society. First, a brief historical overview of voting rights issues in the United States is…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Voting, Middle School Students, Legislators
Alexandra Hegji; Benjamin Collins; Cassandria Dortch; Adam K. Edgerton; Abigail F. Kolker; Kyle D. Shohfi; Rita R. Zota – Congressional Research Service, 2025
The Concurrent Resolution on the Budget for FY2025 (H.Con.Res. 14) includes reconciliation instructions for the House Committee on Education and the Workforce (EDW) and the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions (HELP) to reduce spending within their jurisdictions by at least $330 billion and at least $1 billion, respectively,…
Descriptors: Educational Legislation, Federal Legislation, Higher Education, Budgets
Institute for College Access & Success, 2025
TICAS' 2025 Federal Policy Agenda advises members of the 119th Congress on how to strengthen the nation's higher education system to ensure a college degree is both accessible and affordable. Our higher education system faces extensive challenges, but a postsecondary credential remains the most reliable path to economic mobility, and the economy…
Descriptors: Higher Education, Barriers, Educational Practices, Public Policy