In contemporary societies, the processes of transindividuation by which knowledges are transformed into cycles and rhythms of metastability have been dramatically short-circuited. In turn, this has provoked the spiritual misery and pseudo-fabulations so prevalent all around us, including our educational contexts. For Stiegler, this is nothing…

Popular item response theory (IRT) models are considered complex, mainly due to the inclusion of a random factor variable (latent variable). The random factor variable represents the incidental parameter problem since the number of parameters increases when including data of new persons. Therefore, IRT models require a specific estimation method…