Teachers and parents often scaffold children to help others. Not all help is equally beneficial, however. We know very little about the ways in which children distribute different types of help. Across three preregistered studies, we examined when children provide others with help that can hamper learning (outcome-oriented help, e.g., correct…

This study sets out to explore how trainee teachers engage with each other in an initial synchronous virtual exchange task. We adopt Gijsen's (2021) task engagement parameter of partner orientation in combination with multimodal (inter)action analysis (Norris, 2004) to investigate how different verbal and coverbal modes contribute to establishing…

Education of children with moderate to severe intellectual disabilities requires adequate assessment of their educational needs and potential to learn. Dynamic testing using analogical reasoning tasks may be a promising way to perform such an assessment. However, it remains unclear how dynamic testing with these children may be done in practice.…