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Tuan D. Nguyen; Christopher Redding – American Educational Research Journal, 2025
The purpose of this study is to estimate the impact of Race to the Top (RTTT) on test scores, both overall and in terms of narrowing demographic achievement gaps--a central focus in the original RTTT applications. We draw on student-level NAEP data in reading and mathematics for fourth and eighth graders from 1996 to 2019. An event-study…
Descriptors: Federal Legislation, Federal Aid, Educational Legislation, Federal Programs
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Jessica M. Namkung; Lynn S. Fuchs – Journal of Learning Disabilities, 2025
In this article, we introduce the term "vulnerability to achievement stressors," which refers to differentially low achievement when shifts in the educational environment "stress" or threaten the capacity of an individual or a group of individuals to make academic progress. We also introduce a methodological framework for…
Descriptors: Students with Disabilities, Learning Disabilities, Student Needs, Stress Variables