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Direct linkBianca Böhmer; Gabrielle Wills – Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2025
This paper examines the effect of COVID-19 on learning loss and learning inequality in South Africa using 2016 and 2021 Grade 4 PIRLS datasets. On average, South African Grade 4 reading achievement declined by 31 PIRLS points from 320 in 2016 to 288 in 2021, equivalent to a decline of 0.29 standard deviations or 50-60% of a year of learning. The…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Grade 4, Elementary School Students
