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Measurement Invariance for Multilingual Learners Using Item Response and Response Time in PISA 2018
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Jung Yeon Park; Sean Joo; Zikun Li; Hyejin Yoon – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2025
This study examines potential assessment bias based on students' primary language status in PISA 2018. Specifically, multilingual (MLs) and nonmultilingual (non-MLs) students in the United States are compared with regard to their response time as well as scored responses across three cognitive domains (reading, mathematics, and science).…
Descriptors: Achievement Tests, Secondary School Students, International Assessment, Test Bias