In classroom assessments, examinees can often answer test items multiple times, resulting in sequential multiple-attempt data. Sequential diagnostic classification models (DCMs) have been developed for such data. As student learning processes may be aligned with a hierarchy of measured traits, this study aimed to develop a sequential hierarchical…

Cognitive diagnosis models (CDMs) are the assessment tools that provide valuable formative feedback about skill mastery at both the individual and population level. Recent work has explored the performance of CDMs with small sample sizes but has focused solely on the estimates of individual profiles. The current research focuses on obtaining…

The starting reasoning and promoting switch from intuitive system 1 to deliberate system 2 for provoking creative thinking is lacking feasible model, especially during the global pandemic. We established a visible, trainable and learnable (VTL) model with digital technique to promote this dual switch for creative thinking. This study was…

For this study, a training module is designed as an integral component of a professional educational program to include an educational workshop situated in a university classroom, educational research work, and a reflexive activity. A didactic model consisting of five structural and functional blocks, namely, normative-target, conceptual,…

Background/purpose: The increasing integration of digital technology in education underscores the need for instructional models that support personalized, skill-based, and problem-solving focused learning. While traditional pedagogies often fail to address these needs comprehensively, this study proposes that the Mastery Adaptive Problem-Solving…

In the 21st century, the urgent educational demand for cultivating complex skills in vocational training and learning is met with the effectiveness of the four-component instructional design model. Despite its success, research has identified a notable gap in the address of formative assessment, particularly within computer-supported frameworks.…

Good concept mastery through critical thinking using various approaches, models, strategies, and methods of learning German is essential for the Education 4.0 era. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the concept mastery and critical thinking skills of German language students at Pattimura University using collaborative learning that combines…

The global shortage of skilled programmers remains a persistent challenge. High dropout rates in introductory programming courses pose a significant obstacle to graduation. Previous studies highlighted learning difficulties in programming students, but their specific weaknesses remained unclear. This gap exists due to the predominant focus on the…