The issue of students dropping out before completing secondary education is a global concern with significant individual and societal consequences. Various terms, such as Early School Leaving (ESL), Early Leaving from Education and Training (ELET), and school dropout, reflect different policy perspectives on this phenomenon. Despite international…

High school dropouts who return to school encounter many challenges. These obstacles increase the probability that a second dropout event will occur. This leaves leaders in Dropout Recovery programs with little ability to predict which students will stay in school and which are likely to leave again. However, what if a promising new scale could…