Visualizations are an integral part of education, and the features of visualizations have been associated with differences in learning and generalization. I propose that students use the features of visualizations, such as their perceptual richness, as cues to infer the generality of the information presented in lessons. I test this proposal in 10…

This study continues an investigation of how spherical units, compared to cubical units, can facilitate students' units-locating and organizing units in composites. We analyze how Norwegian grade 3 students enumerate 3D arrays with cubical and spherical units. Our results show how spherical units can act as perceptual clues that facilitate…

Silence is a common phenomenon in language learning where students stay silent, and it is potentially frustrating to instructors and not conducive to the foreign language input and output necessary for ongoing classroom-based language learning. Silence has been investigated initially in the face-to-face classroom and discussed thoroughly over the…

Contemporary comprehensive mathematics teaching material covering whole courses has developed substantially from the early versions that roughly were 'books as pdf' with some complementary online material. In teaching materials that are offered in online web portals (digital teaching platforms) a variety of dynamic and interactive elements can be…