How do we begin to assess the reciprocal impacts--or lack thereof--of community service on individuals and communities? Community engagement initiatives are increasingly valued as powerful educational tools and vehicles for social change. Yet, the task of measuring their outcomes remains complex. This article outlines core considerations in…

Background/purpose: Social Studies education holds a strategic role in fostering social, cultural, and religious values that are contextually aligned with societal challenges. In Semarang City, vulnerable communities face a dual threat of recurrent flooding and socio-economic disparities, which hinder educational processes and sustainable…