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Ruifeng Zhou – Journal of Chemical Education, 2024
This study aims to give chemistry students a deeper understanding of electron shielding and quantum transitions by interpreting the characteristic X-ray lines. There is a popular misunderstanding among learners and even teachers in which an outer-shell electron fills a vacancy in the inner shell, releasing some of its energy as an X-ray photon.…
Descriptors: Quantum Mechanics, Scientific Principles, Energy, Mathematical Formulas

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