Educational outcomes are heavily reliant on student engagement, yet this concept is complex and subject to diverse interpretations. The intricacy of the issue arises from the broad spectrum of interpretations, each contributing to the understanding of student engagement as both complex and multifaceted. Given the emergence and increasing use of…

Institutions of higher education possess large amounts of learning-related data in their student registers and learning management systems (LMS). This data can be mined to gain insights into study paths, study styles and possible bottlenecks on the study paths. In this study, we focused on creating a predictive model for study completion time…

Background: University students need to self-regulate but are sometimes incapable of doing so. Learning Analytics Dashboards (LADs) can support students' appraisal of study behaviour, from which goals can be set and performed. However, it is unclear how goal-setting and self-motivation within self-regulated learning elicits behaviour when using an…

The time students spend in a learning management system (LMS) is an important measurement in learning analytics (LA). One of the most common data sources is log files from LMS, which do not directly reveal the online time, the duration of which needs to be estimated. As this measurement has a great impact on the results of statistical models in…

The increased adoption of online learning environments has resulted in the availability of vast amounts of educational log data, which raises questions that could be answered by a thorough and accurate examination of students' online learning behaviours. Event logs describe something that occurred on a platform and provide multiple dimensions that…

Collaboration is argued to be an important skill, not only in schools and higher education contexts but also in the workspace and other aspects of life. However, simply asking students to work together as a group on a task does not guarantee success in collaboration. Effective collaborative learning requires meaningful interactions among…

Background: Although blended learning (BL) has multiple educational prospects, it also poses challenges such as keeping students motivated. Objectives: This study investigates students' perceptions of how learning analytics (LA) can be used to support the design of a BL environment in order to promote students' basic need for relatedness, which is…

Students organize and manage their own learning time, choosing when, what, and how to study due to the flexibility of online learning. Each person has unique learning habits that define their behaviours and distinguish them from others. To investigate the temporal behaviour of students in online learning environments, we seek to identify suitable…

This study explores the potential of using screen time data in learning management systems (LMS) to estimate student learning time (SLT) and validate the credit value of courses. Gathering comprehensive data on actual student learning time is difficult, so this study uses LMS Moodle logs from a computer programming course with 490 students over 16…

Interactive digital tools increasingly used for language learning can provide detailed system logs (e.g., number of attempts, responses submitted), and thereby a window into the user's learning processes. To date, SLA researchers have made little use of such data to understand the relationships between learning conditions, processes, and outcomes.…

Research involving digital games and language learning is rapidly growing. One advantage of using digital games to support language learning is the ability to collect data on students learning in real time. In this study, we use educational data mining methods to explore the relationship between in-game data and elementary students' Chinese…