Informal Digital Learning of English (IDLE) is the result of the affordances of technology that allow learning to take place in unstructured learning contexts. However, how IDLE facilitates students' English language learning remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the strategies English as a foreign language (EFL) students employ to learn…

Virtual reality (VR) has emerged as a transformative technology in education, enabling immersive simulations that foster student engagement and improve knowledge retention. This study presents a bibliometric analysis of global trends, research patterns, and challenges related to the integration of VR in educational contexts. Data were collected…

Background/purpose: Indonesia has more than 1,300 ethnic groups and 652 active local languages. Javanese, the most widely spoken regional language, is experiencing a decline among younger generations who increasingly prefer using Indonesian for daily communication. While traditionally transmitted within families and local communities, educational…

Informal learning environments such as Natural History Museums can introduce visitors to a variety of topics in evolution by providing accessible representations of concepts like geological time, evolutionary mechanisms, biological diversity, geological time, and fossil dating. Our study examined sixth-grade students' conceptualization of…