Young, linguistically diverse learners often leverage multimodality to more fully express their ideas in writing. To better support and assess English writing development, it is vital to understand multimodality as part of their emerging writing skills. In this study, we examine how drawings and written language are used jointly in multimodal…

This mixed methods study sought to extend what is known about preservice teachers' [PSTs'] enactment of the core practice of reading and responding to students' writing by examining their reading of elementary students' writing at the start and end of writing-focused methods coursework. PSTs' reading of students' writing involves analysis of…