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Alex Gibson; Paul Bywaters; John Stephenson; Jude Ranasinghe – UK Department for Education, 2025
LG Futures, The University of Huddersfield and the University of Plymouth were commissioned by the Ministry of Housing, Communities and Local Government (MHCLG) and the Department for Education (DfE) to develop a new model to show relative need to spend on Children and Young People's Services across local authorities in England. This formed part…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Social Services, Children, Funding Formulas
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Shen, Ting; Konstantopoulos, Spyros – Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 2022
Large-scale assessment survey (LSAS) data are collected via complex sampling designs with special features (e.g., clustering and unequal probability of selection). Multilevel models have been utilized to account for clustering effects whereas the probability weighting approach (PWA) has been used to deal with design informativeness derived from…
Descriptors: Sampling, Weighted Scores, Hierarchical Linear Modeling, Educational Research