Students employing problem-based learning (PBL) face complex problems admitting multiple solutions. Knowledge maps are an effective tool to support students in PBL to represent, analyze, and guide their knowledge structure. Previous studies have examined the use of knowledge mapping techniques in both individual and collaborative learning process.…

In recent years, the emphasis on computational thinking (CT) has intensified as an effect of accelerated digitalisation. While most researchers are concentrating on defining CT and developing tools for its instruction and assessment, we focus on the characteristics of computational thinking problems (CTPs) -- activities requiring CT to be…

In this study, a collaborative problem solving-based STEM course was implemented in a seventh-grade class. This study aimed to examine the effects of students' prior knowledge on their CPS-based STEM learning processes by using a mixed-methods approach. First, a lag sequential analysis was used to investigate individual cognitive and metacognitive…

Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) provide a rich and immersive context for introducing inquiry-based and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) into science classrooms. MUVES can have a significant effect on learning outcomes, however, illuminating how particular design features interact with those outcomes is an important area of investigation for…