As education is a global concern, utilising educational technology to facilitate teaching and learning activities has been widely practised almost everywhere at every minute for decades. Revisiting the historical development of a particular technology is noteworthy to education practitioners, historians and various interested parties. Concerning…

The recent world pandemic has highlighted the need for effective procedures to teach language in Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) environments. Fully online and asynchronous classrooms are especially challenged when addressing learning to speak a foreign language toward greater communicative competence. Current CALL research is…

This study investigated the dynamics of complex interactions within inquiry-based (IB) discussions by visualizing patterns using social network analysis. Researchers explored network measures when learners participated in inquiry-based discussions with Practical Inquiry Model (PIM) and non-PIM questions while playing the weekly moderator's role.…