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Direct linkJan Kalenda; Ellen Boeren – International Journal of Lifelong Education, 2025
International organisations have measured adult learning participation since the 1990s, using surveys like the Adult Education Survey (AES) and the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC). These surveys employ a 'triadic' classification of learning activities -- formal (FAE), non-formal (NFE) and informal learning…
Descriptors: Classification, Adult Education, Adult Students, Participation
