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Direct linkPeter J. Godolphin; Nadine Marlin; Chantelle Cornett; David J. Fisher; Jayne F. Tierney; Ian R. White; Ewelina Rogozinska – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analyses of randomised trials are considered a reliable way to assess participant-level treatment effect modifiers but may not make the best use of the available data. Traditionally, effect modifiers are explored one covariate at a time, which gives rise to the possibility that evidence of treatment-covariate…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Statistical Analysis, Participant Characteristics
Andres Jung; Tobias Braun; Susan Armijo-Olivo; Dimitris Challoumas; Kerstin Luedtke – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
External validity is an important parameter that needs to be considered for decision making in health research, but no widely accepted measurement tool for the assessment of external validity of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) exists. One of the most limiting factors for creating such a tool is probably the substantial heterogeneity and lack…
Descriptors: Randomized Controlled Trials, Validity, Delphi Technique, Definitions
Andrija Babic; Ognjen Barcot; Tomislav Viskovic; Frano Šaric; Aleksandar Kirkovski; Ivana Barun; Zvonimir Križanac; Roshan Arjun Ananda; Yuli Viviana Fuentes Barreiro; Narges Malih; Daiana Anne-Marie Dimcea; Josipa Ordulj; Ishanka Weerasekara; Matteo Spezia; Marija Franka Žuljevic; Jelena Šuto; Luca Tancredi; Andela Pijuk; Susanna Sammali; Veronica Iascone; Thilo Groote; Tina Poklepovic Pericic; Livia Puljak – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Risk of bias (RoB) assessment is essential to the systematic review methodology. The new version of the Cochrane RoB tool for randomized trials (RoB 2) was published in 2019 to address limitations identified since the first version of the tool was published in 2008 and to increase the reliability of assessments. This study analyzed the frequency…
Descriptors: Risk, Bias, Use Studies, Meta Analysis
Gerald Gartlehner; Leila Kahwati; Rainer Hilscher; Ian Thomas; Shannon Kugley; Karen Crotty; Meera Viswanathan; Barbara Nussbaumer-Streit; Graham Booth; Nathaniel Erskine; Amanda Konet; Robert Chew – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Data extraction is a crucial, yet labor-intensive and error-prone part of evidence synthesis. To date, efforts to harness machine learning for enhancing efficiency of the data extraction process have fallen short of achieving sufficient accuracy and usability. With the release of large language models (LLMs), new possibilities have emerged to…
Descriptors: Data Collection, Evidence, Synthesis, Language Processing
Timo Gnambs; Ulrich Schroeders – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Meta-analyses of treatment effects in randomized control trials are often faced with the problem of missing information required to calculate effect sizes and their sampling variances. Particularly, correlations between pre- and posttest scores are frequently not available. As an ad-hoc solution, researchers impute a constant value for the missing…
Descriptors: Accuracy, Meta Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Effect Size
Kylie E. Hunter; Mason Aberoumand; Sol Libesman; James X. Sotiropoulos; Jonathan G. Williams; Wentao Li; Jannik Aagerup; Ben W. Mol; Rui Wang; Angie Barba; Nipun Shrestha; Angela C. Webster; Anna Lene Seidler – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Increasing integrity concerns in medical research have prompted the development of tools to detect untrustworthy studies. Existing tools primarily assess published aggregate data (AD), though scrutiny of individual participant data (IPD) is often required to detect trustworthiness issues. Thus, we developed the IPD Integrity Tool for detecting…
Descriptors: Integrity, Randomized Controlled Trials, Data Use, Individual Characteristics
Guo, Qiong; Cheng, Yifan; Zhang, Chenyang; Yang, Huifang; Chen, Xia; Wang, Xinyi; Yang, Liu; Feng, Kun; Long, Youlin; Shao, Zilun; Wang, Yutian; Lin, Yifei; Liao, Ga; Huang, Jin; Du, Liang – Research Synthesis Methods, 2022
Little research has been conducted to assess which specific databases should be searched when performing a systematic review (SR) on acupuncture. The current study aimed to identify key databases and the optimal database combination to retrieve randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on acupuncture for inclusion in SRs. A systematic search for SRs in…
Descriptors: Databases, Randomized Controlled Trials, Medical Services, Literature Reviews
Weibel, Stephanie; Popp, Maria; Reis, Stefanie; Skoetz, Nicole; Garner, Paul; Sydenham, Emma – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Evidence synthesis findings depend on the assumption that the included studies follow good clinical practice and results are not fabricated or false. Studies which are problematic due to scientific misconduct, poor research practice, or honest error may distort evidence synthesis findings. Authors of evidence synthesis need transparent mechanisms…
Descriptors: Identification, Randomized Controlled Trials, Integrity, Evaluation Methods
Nejstgaard, Camilla Hansen; Laursen, David Ruben Teindl; Lundh, Andreas; Hróbjartsson, Asbjørn – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
We investigated to which degree commercial funding is associated with estimated intervention effects in randomized trials. We included meta-epidemiological studies with published data on the association between commercial funding and results or conclusions of randomized trials. We searched five databases and other sources. We selected one result…
Descriptors: Private Financial Support, Intervention, Randomized Controlled Trials, Literature Reviews
Kylie E. Hunter; Mason Aberoumand; Sol Libesman; James X. Sotiropoulos; Jonathan G. Williams; Jannik Aagerup; Rui Wang; Ben W. Mol; Wentao Li; Angie Barba; Nipun Shrestha; Angela C. Webster; Anna Lene Seidler – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Increasing concerns about the trustworthiness of research have prompted calls to scrutinise studies' Individual Participant Data (IPD), but guidance on how to do this was lacking. To address this, we developed the IPD Integrity Tool to screen randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for integrity issues. Development of the tool involved a literature…
Descriptors: Integrity, Randomized Controlled Trials, Participant Characteristics, Computer Software
A. E. Ades; Nicky J. Welton; Sofia Dias; David M. Phillippo; Deborah M. Caldwell – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Network meta-analysis (NMA) is an extension of pairwise meta-analysis (PMA) which combines evidence from trials on multiple treatments in connected networks. NMA delivers internally consistent estimates of relative treatment efficacy, needed for rational decision making. Over its first 20 years NMA's use has grown exponentially, with applications…
Descriptors: Network Analysis, Meta Analysis, Medicine, Clinical Experience
Yuan Tian; Xi Yang; Suhail A. Doi; Luis Furuya-Kanamori; Lifeng Lin; Joey S. W. Kwong; Chang Xu – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
RobotReviewer is a tool for automatically assessing the risk of bias in randomized controlled trials, but there is limited evidence of its reliability. We evaluated the agreement between RobotReviewer and humans regarding the risk of bias assessment based on 1955 randomized controlled trials. The risk of bias in these trials was assessed via two…
Descriptors: Risk, Randomized Controlled Trials, Classification, Robotics
Miriam Hattle; Joie Ensor; Katie Scandrett; Marienke van Middelkoop; Danielle A. van der Windt; Melanie A. Holden; Richard D. Riley – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis projects obtain, harmonise, and synthesise original data from multiple studies. Many IPD meta-analyses of randomised trials are initiated to identify treatment effect modifiers at the individual level, thus requiring statistical modelling of interactions between treatment effect and participant-level…
Descriptors: Meta Analysis, Randomized Controlled Trials, Outcomes of Treatment, Evaluation Methods
Konstantina Chalkou; Tasnim Hamza; Pascal Benkert; Jens Kuhle; Chiara Zecca; Gabrielle Simoneau; Fabio Pellegrini; Andrea Manca; Matthias Egger; Georgia Salanti – Research Synthesis Methods, 2024
Some patients benefit from a treatment while others may do so less or do not benefit at all. We have previously developed a two-stage network meta-regression prediction model that synthesized randomized trials and evaluates how treatment effects vary across patient characteristics. In this article, we extended this model to combine different…
Descriptors: Medical Research, Outcomes of Treatment, Risk, Randomized Controlled Trials
Evrenoglou, Theodoros; Boutron, Isabelle; Seitidis, Georgios; Ghosn, Lina; Chaimani, Anna – Research Synthesis Methods, 2023
Outputs from living evidence syntheses projects have been used widely during the pandemic by guideline developers to form evidence-based recommendations. However, the needs of different stakeholders cannot be accommodated by solely providing pre-defined non amendable numerical summaries. Stakeholders also need to understand the data and perform…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, Meta Analysis, Computer Oriented Programs
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