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Early and Concurrent Home Stimulation: Unique and Indirect Links with Fine Motor Skills among 4-Year-Old Children in Rural Pakistan
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Armstrong-Carter, Emma; Sulik, Michael J.; Siyal, Saima; Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Obradovic, Jelena – Developmental Psychology, 2021
Fine motor skills enable children to make precise and coordinated movements with their hands and support their ability to engage in everyday activities and learning experiences. In a longitudinal study of 1,058 4-year-old children in rural Pakistan (n = 488 girls), we examined how prior and concurrent levels of home stimulation relate to change in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Psychomotor Skills, Rural Areas, Family Environment
Early and Concurrent Home Stimulation: Unique and Indirect Links with Fine Motor Skills among 4-Year-Old Children in Rural Pakistan
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Armstrong-Carter, Emma; Sulik, Michael J.; Siyal, Saima; Yousafzai, Aisha K.; Obradovic, Jelena – Grantee Submission, 2021
Fine motor skills enable children to make precise and coordinated movements with their hands and support their ability to engage in everyday activities and learning experiences. In a longitudinal study of 1,058 4-year-old children in rural Pakistan (n = 488 girls), we examined how prior and concurrent levels of home stimulation relate to change in…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Psychomotor Skills, Rural Areas, Family Environment
Neuromuscular Development in Neonates and Postnatal Infants: Implications for Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Therapy for Dysphagia
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Epperson, Hannah E.; Sandage, Mary J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2019
Purpose: The aim of the current study was to review neuromuscular development, summarize the current body of evidence describing the use of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) therapy in infants, and identify possible contraindications for the use of NMES in the neonate and young infant. Method: After a review of the literature describing…
Descriptors: Physical Disabilities, Physiology, Neonates, Infants