Failure to adhere to conventional spelling has academic consequences. When encountering spelling errors, instructors can pass critical judgment on students' writing skills, and even on cognitive abilities. Many students turn to spell checkers. However, we find grading rubrics for academic writing assignments to be inconsistent, and judgments about…

This study evaluated a bilingual text-mining system, which incorporated a bilingual taxonomy of key words and provided hierarchical visualization, for understanding learner-generated text in the learning management systems through automatic identification and counting of matching key words. A class of 27 in-service teachers studied a course…