External visualization (i.e., physically embodied visualization) is central to the teaching and learning of mathematics. As external visualization is an important part of mathematics at all levels of education, it is diverse, and research on external visualization has become a wide and complex field. The aim of this scoping review is to…

Learning the concept of fractions is among the most challenging topics in school mathematics. One of the main sources of difficulties in learning fractions is related to "natural number bias" (Van Hoof, Verschaffel & Van Dooren, 2015). Applying properties of the natural numbers incorrectly in situations involving rational numbers can…

A strong foundation in early number concepts is crucial for students' future success in statistics. Despite its importance in statistics, many first-year students struggle to comprehend the normal distribution due to a lack of basic number sense. Students get confused about the order and magnitude of negative z-scores on a standard normal curve or…

Equal representation as a social issue is about the participation of one social group, in a particular context, in proportion to the numbers in the group within the total population. The proportion of women in parliament, and of the participation rate of students of lower socioeconomic status in higher education, are examples. The aims of this…

The Forty Fifth Annual meeting of the North American chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education was held PME-NA 45 in Reno, Nevada, October 1-4, 2023. The conference theme is "Engaging All Learners." Math learning should be a joyful experience for all students. When students are engaged and inspired,…

In the study reported on here I evaluated the alignment between the Annual National Assessment (ANA) and Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS). Theoretical perspectives were drawn from the Survey Enacted Curriculum (SEC), while quantitative correlational methods were used to determine the alignment between ANA and TIMSS…

In the present study, we evaluated the number of attempts required to master specific subskills for working with whole and rational numbers among students at risk for math difficulties. Participants included a subset of students in grades four through eight receiving supplemental math support. Mastery--defined as 85% correct on short tests--was…

This article is written to share teaching ideas about using commonly available computer applications--a spreadsheet, "The Geometer's Sketchpad", and "Wolfram Alpha"--to explore three classic and historically significant problems from the probability theory. These ideas stem from the authors' work with prospective economists,…

These proceedings are a written record of the research presented at the 41st annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) held in St. Louis, Missouri, November 14-17, 2019. This year's conference theme is "...against a new horizon." The papers comprise 67…

The present study investigated the development of fraction comparison strategies through a longitudinal analysis of children's responses to a fraction comparison task in 4th through 6th grades (N = 394). Participants were asked to choose the larger value for 24 fraction pairs blocked by fraction type. Latent class analysis of performance over item…

These proceedings are a written record of the research presented at the 42nd annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) held in Mazatlán, Mexico, virtually beginning May 27, 2021 and in-person June 2-6, 2021. The conference was originally scheduled to take place…

These proceedings are a written record of the research presented at the 44th annual meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) held in Nashville, Tennessee, and virtually. This year's conference theme is "Critical Dissonance and Resonant Harmony." The aim of this…

These Proceedings are a written record of the research presented at the 40th Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) held in Greenville, South Carolina, November 15-18, 2018. The theme of the conference is "Looking Back, Looking Ahead: Celebrating 40…

The theme of the 39th proceedings of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education (PME-NA) conference was "Synergy at the Crossroads: Future Directions for Theory, Research, and Practice." The metaphor of crossroads was inspired by the conference venue--the historic Indianapolis Union…