Cognitive maps are mental representations of space essential for guiding spatial behavior. To assess the properties of these cognitive maps, sketch mapping has been widely used as a research tool in spatial cognition research. This scoping review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the methodologies and the cognitive processes concerning…

The comprehension of renal physiology is challenging for undergraduate students. Augmented reality (AR) offers a promising tool to improve comprehension of complex mechanisms. This study examines the students' perceptions and the effectiveness of an AR-based learning sequence on pre- and poststudent drawings of renal physiology. Three cohorts in…

Geological skills such as interpreting outcrops are often taught during fieldwork. However, recent advancements in digital technologies and the demand for more inclusive and accessible learning has provided an opportunity to teach these skills in virtual field trips (VFT). The Iceland VFT was developed to teach students about volcanic features and…

Haptic perception is used in the anatomy laboratory with the handling of three-dimensional (3D) prosections, dissections, and synthetic models of anatomical structures. Vision-based spatial ability has been found to correlate with performance on tests of 3D anatomy knowledge in previous studies. The objective was to explore whether haptic-based…

As the food system, from production to consumption, has increasingly become complex, the need for food literacy among American school-aged children has also increased. Teaching and learning interventions using inquiry-based learning (IBL) can be used to improve food literacy. The purpose of this study was to determine how an IBL approach paired…

In collaborative design settings, designers communicate and explicate their ideas visually and verbally in order to reach a shared understanding. The verbal exchanges of group members engaged in a joint design task provide rich data regarding the design activities being undertaken by the group members. In addition, sketching and modelling are…

The rapid evolution of virtual reality (VR) technologies and their adoption for learning opens up new possibilities for shifting semiotic content across modes, with underexplored scope for transmediating content in visual, haptic, and auditory ways in immersive media literacy practices. This research investigated users' creative digital designing…

Contribution: This research provides insights into the applications of virtual reality (VR) in learning spatial reasoning, which could be utilized and developed in educational frameworks and settings, especially in science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics (STEAM), and other aspects. Background: Spatial reasoning and VR are essential…

A within-subjects experimental design examined differences in functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) assessment of prefrontal cortex (PFC) activation with two virtual reality (VR) drawing conditions (rote tracing and creative self-expression) with and without a fragrance stimulus. Participants were healthy adults and included 18 women, 6…

Student-generated drawings are known to be effective in building and revealing students' conceptions of chemistry. Some chemistry concepts, moreover, include changes and processes that cannot be merely represented by static drawings. Computer-based animations are needed to represent the dynamics. In this study, 25 chemistry student teachers, who…

Resolving circuit diagrams is a regular part of learning for school and university students from engineering backgrounds. Simulating circuits is usually done manually by creating circuit diagrams on circuit tools, which is a time-consuming and tedious process. We propose an innovative method of simulating circuits from hand-drawn diagrams using…

This article investigates how a computer simulator for human interactions and a dyadic system in a pencil-and-paper environment can contribute to helping students with poor motor co-ordination, notably those with dyspraxia, to learn geometry. The aim is to design an alternative way to teach the subject, and to explore its effects on the learning…

This study investigated the effect of using the technical visual arts lessons' material on visualization skills and attitudes. For this purpose, an augmented reality application called BTRS was designed. The application was created using Unity3D, 3Ds Max, and Vuforia programs. The study was conducted for eight weeks, with a total of 33 students…

In-person field education through exploration is fundamental in geoscience, but equal access is limited by time, cost, safety, distance, physical ability, and instructor variability. Technology advances allow students to explore pedagogically rich but inaccessible places through virtual field trips (VFTs). Studies show that VFTs result in…

Furniture carpentry uses spatial structure and geometry, e.g. mortise-tenon joints, which require cognitive judgments of hidden views and spatial understanding. For the furniture carpentry novice, the idea of spatial geometry in the mortise-tenon joint is difficult to understand because furniture carpentry drawings are usually two-dimensional…