Background: Robot programming can simultaneously cultivate learners' computational thinking (CT) and spatial thinking (ST). However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on the micro-level development patterns of learners' CT and ST and their interconnections. Objectives: This study aims to uncover the intricate development patterns and…

The aim of research is to reveal the effect of a training program based on the TAWOCK model for teaching computational thinking skills on teaching self-efficacy among computer teachers. It used the quasi-experimental approach, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. An electronic training program based on the TAWOCK model was…

Education has undergone many changes in teaching and learning, intensified by the significant technological developments that have responded to the fourth industrial revolution and other emergent situations. In this context, developing information and communication technologies has become vital in supporting new ways and learning models in the…

This review is aimed at synthesizing current findings concerning technology-based cognitive offloading and the associated effects on learning and memory. While cognitive externalization (i.e., using the environment to outsource mental computation) is a highly useful technique in various problem-solving tasks, a growing body of research suggests…

The purpose of this paper is to explore three computational approaches to ethnographic research within digital learning environments: virtual ethnography; quantitative ethnography; and computational ethnography. Recently, researchers have become more interested in computational ethnographic approaches due to their alignment with the massive…

Background/purpose: Several previous studies have attempted to develop Android learning media for elementary students beginning to learn counting. However, no media with a levelled adventure theme exists. The purpose of this research is to develop an android-based learning media, B'Math, to improve elementary students' counting skills.…

The aim of this study was to examine the computational thinking skill levels and online self-regulatory learning levels of pre-service teachers in terms of various variables and to determine the relationship between their computational thinking skill levels and online selfregulatory learning levels. The design of the research is the correlational…

Computational Thinking (CT) and the understanding of how programs are being executed is internationally acknowledging as a necessity for today's students and citizens of tomorrow. Despite the multifaceted nature of CT, the introduction of CT and associate concepts such as coding is regarded as developmental acceptable for preschool and…

To help novice learners overcome the obstacles of learning computational thinking (CT) through programming, it is vital to identify difficult CT components. This study aimed to determine the computational concepts and practices that learners may have difficulties acquiring and discuss how programming instructions should be designed to facilitate…

This study explored the effects of a self-adapted mobile concept mapping-based problem-posing (CMPP) approach applied in a virtual museum context. To investigate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, a quasi-experimental design was applied to compare the critical thinking tendency, meta-cognition tendency, problem-solving tendency,…

High-school mathematics teachers tend to use computational, constructed response questions in their classroom tests. However, the rapid shift to distance learning resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic created technological obstacles to using these items. This study investigated teachers' reasons for using particular items and how they adapted their…

Randomized A/B tests allow causal estimation without confounding but are often under-powered. This paper uses a new dataset, including over 250 randomized comparisons conducted in an online learning platform, to illustrate a method combining data from A/B tests with log data from users who were not in the experiment. Inference remains exact and…

Background: Despite its obvious relevance to computer science, computational thinking (CT) is transdisciplinary with the potential of impacting one's analytical ability. Although countless efforts have been invested across K-12 education, there is a paucity of research at the postsecondary level about the extent to which CT can contribute to…

Aim/Purpose: This study aims to implement and evaluate a personalized digital learning environment (PDLE) that delivers differentiated instruction for enhancing computational thinking competencies through robotics education. Background: The background emphasizes the growing demand for computational thinking skills in the modern workforce and the…

The main aim of this paper is to present results of an experimental test focused on the validity and effectiveness of composed methodology aimed at increasing the student's attention in Virtual Learning Environment. Areas of presented methodology which were subject of our research is students behavior during learning. The behavioral part of…