Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) is a digital communication method that transforms spoken discourse into written text. This rapidly evolving technology is used in email, text messaging, or live video captioning. Current ASR systems operate in conjunction with Natural Language Processing (NLP) technology to transform speech into text that people…

This study explores the effects of extensive exposure to L2 TV series, describing perceptions of learning from this type of input. A total of 136 university learners of English participated in a pre-/post-test design study which included extensive watching of ten full-length episodes of an English TV series. There were three groups: captions,…

This paper investigates the effect of sentence complexity, specifically lexical and syntactic surprisal, on L2 listening difficulty. Psycholinguistic studies revealed that surprisal cases correlate with textual comprehension difficulty. Based on surprisal theory, these cases are less probable or expected, considering the precedent context, thus…