Background: The use of social media among students has become debatable concern due to both positive and negative effects on academic performance. Yet, understanding of the diverse patterns of social media use and their influence on actual and perceived academic performance remains limited. Objectives: This study distinguishes between academic and…

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has spread quickly, e-learning became compulsory and disseminated throughout the world. During the pandemic, smartphones are frequently used to access e-learning content, but connecting to technological tools increased the risk of cyberloafing during e-courses. Currently, there are a limited number of studies on…

Smartphone use in learning settings is a common behaviour amongst college students. Building on the theory of consumerism, self-efficacy and addictive behaviours, the current study developed a three-component conceptual framework to understand college students' smartphone use in organizational as well as self-directed learning settings. One…