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Contrasting One's Share of the Shared Life Space: Comparing the Roles of Metacognition and Inhibitory Control in the Development of Theory of Mind among Scottish and Japanese Children
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Mariel Symeonidou; Ai Mizokawa; Shinsuke Kabaya; Martin J. Doherty; Josephine Ross – Developmental Science, 2024
Cultural comparisons suggest that an understanding of other minds may develop sooner in independent versus interdependent settings, and vice versa for inhibitory control. From a western lens, this pattern might be considered paradoxical, since there is a robust positive relationship between theory of mind (ToM) and inhibitory control in western…
Descriptors: Metacognition, Children, Role Theory, Inhibition
Parenting Measurement, Normativeness, and Associations with Child Outcomes: Comparing Evidence from Four Non-Western Cultures
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Huiguang Ren; Craig H. Hart; Charissa S. L. Cheah; Chris L. Porter; David A. Nelson; H. Melis Yavuz-Müren; Wen Gao; Fatimah Haron; Liuqing Jiang; Akiko Kawashima; Ai Shibazaki-Lau; Jun Nakazawa; Larry J. Nelson; Clyde C. Robinson; Ayse Bilge Selçuk; Cortney Evans-Stout; Jo-Pei Tan; Chongming Yang; Ai-Hwa Quek; Nan Zhou – Developmental Science, 2024
This study compared parenting across four non-Western cultures to test cross-cultural commonality and specificity principles in three aspects: measurement properties, parenting normativeness, and their associations with child outcomes. Both mothers and fathers (N = 1509 dyads) with preschool-aged children (M = 5.00 years; 48% girls) from urban…
Descriptors: Parenting Skills, Cultural Differences, Evaluation Methods, Behavior Standards
Beliefs about Social Norms and Racial Inequalities Predict Variation in the Early Development of Racial Bias
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Rizzo, Michael T.; Green, Emily R.; Dunham, Yarrow; Bruneau, Emile; Rhodes, Marjorie – Developmental Science, 2022
Racism remains a pervasive force around the world with widespread and well documented harmful consequences for members of marginalized racial groups. The psychological biases that maintain structural and interpersonal racism begin to emerge in early childhood, but with considerable individual variation--some children develop more racial bias than…
Descriptors: Social Behavior, Behavior Standards, Racial Bias, Racial Discrimination
Explaining Early Moral Hypocrisy: Numerical Cognition Promotes Equal Sharing Behavior in Preschool-Aged Children
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Chernyak, Nadia; Harris, Paul L.; Cordes, Sara – Developmental Science, 2019
Recent work has documented that despite preschool-aged children's understanding of social norms surrounding sharing, they fail to share their resources equally in many contexts. Here we explored two hypotheses for this failure: an "insufficient motivation hypothesis" and an "insufficient cognitive resources hypothesis." With…
Descriptors: Moral Values, Preschool Education, Schemata (Cognition), Age Differences