The lecture technique still dominates in biology education, and there are not enough hands-on, interactive, creative, and problem-solving learning activities to encourage students to apply their problem-solving skills. The purpose of this study is to examine how the problem-based learning (PBL) model and students' metacognition skills affect their…

Critical thinking is a fundamental competence in 21st-century education, particularly in mathematics, where students frequently encounter contradictory information that requires logical reasoning and reflective judgment. This study explores the stages of critical thinking among junior high school students when solving contradictory mathematical…

Background/purpose: This study investigates the effectiveness of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) integrated with scaffolding in enhancing problem-solving skills among students with varying levels of prior knowledge. The main objective is to determine how scaffolding, when combined with PBL, can support students in developing stronger problem-solving…

Students' difficulties in differentiating the direct proportion and inverse proportion problems cause interference. Proactive interference is the error that occurs when old information (concept of direct proportion) interferes with new information (concept of inverse proportion). In solving the problem of inverse proportion, students often use the…

Problem-solving skills are essential in improving the creative, critical, and logical thinking skills needed in mathematics learning and daily life. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of problem-based learning (PBL)- assisted ethnomathematics-based Geocube e-module on problem-solving skills. This quantitative research applied a…

The study examines the application of the collaborative learning model to improve 21st-century civic skills. The 21st century presents a number of unique challenges in the world of education. Rapid changes in technology, economics, and politics have placed new demands on individual learning and development. One of the key aspects of preparing…

The learning of mathematics generally undergoes a less effective and less appealing learning process, resulting in students' perceived lack of mastery of the material. Consequently, students' insufficient understanding of the concepts leads to a lack of folding back. In the process of understanding, it influences individual characteristics, where…

This study aimed to comparatively analyse the effects of problem-based learning model (PBLM) on cognitive outputs (CO). The study reviewed quasi-experimental studies on PBLM and CO, focusing on the cognitive outputs of thinking skills, problem-solving skill, and academic achievement. The quantitative data of these studies, comprising 56 articles…

The issue of students' difficulties in solving context-based mathematics problems has been extensively investigated by numerous studies. However, limited study focus on how pre-service primary school teacher (PSPSTs) encounter difficulties in solving context-based fundamental mathematics problems. To fill this gap, this study aims to investigate…

Problem-based learning (PBL) has been widely applied as an alternative to improve learning outcomes, but it is still little studied in the context of the probability theory course. This study described how implementing the PBL model improves students' problem-solving and critical thinking skills in probability theory course and evaluates its…

This study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the implementation of Pancasila learning with the goal of improving critical thinking skills through the application of the six thinking hats model. The research adopts a descriptive approach utilizing qualitative methods. The study was conducted at the Faculty of Engineering, Universitas…

The learning model used by educators only transmits knowledge and does not provide opportunities for students to interact, causing them to lose time to develop their experience in the collaborative learning process. This research aims to improve collaboration skills by implementing a problem-based learning model in grade IV elementary school. The…

Background/purpose: Computational Thinking (CT) has gained widespread attention in education as a core cognitive skill essential for solving complex problems in both academic and real-world contexts. While Indonesian educators have actively adopted CT as part of national educational reforms, questions remain about how closely current practices…

Background/purpose: Learning mathematics often presents challenges for students, particularly in problem-solving and establishing mathematical connections. Self-regulated learning allows students to direct, adjust, and control their learning processes. This approach is essential in encouraging students to manage their learning strategies…

Background/purpose: Although mathematical representation ability is a significant ability and an interesting topic to study, quite a few researchers have studied this ability, and even fewer have examined it through the implementation of epistemic learning patterns based on problem-solving. In fact, this learning pattern is epistemic and makes…