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Cheng-Wen He; Logan Fiorella; Paula P. Lemons – Educational Psychology Review, 2025
This study tested competing theories about the effectiveness of different instructional sequences for learners with different levels of prior knowledge. Across two classroom experiments, undergraduates learned about noncovalent interactions in biochemistry by either receiving explicit instruction before problem-solving (I-PS group) or engaging in…
Descriptors: Instructional Effectiveness, Problem Solving, Prior Learning, Learning Processes
Tina Seufert; Verena Hamm; Andrea Vogt; Valentin Riemer – Educational Psychology Review, 2024
Self-regulated learning depends on task difficulty and on learners' resources and cognitive load, as described by an inverted U-shaped relationship in Seufert's (2018) model: for easy tasks, resources are high and load is low, so there is no need to regulate, whereas for difficult tasks, load is too high and resources are too low to regulate. Only…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Resources, Self Management
Katrin Schuessler; Vanessa Fischer; Maik Walpuski – Instructional Science: An International Journal of the Learning Sciences, 2025
Cognitive load studies are mostly centered on information on perceived cognitive load. Single-item subjective rating scales are the dominant measurement practice to investigate overall cognitive load. Usually, either invested mental effort or perceived task difficulty is used as an overall cognitive load measure. However, the extent to which the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Rating Scales, Construct Validity
Lea Nemeth; Frank Lipowsky – European Journal of Psychology of Education, 2024
Interleaved practice combined with comparison prompts can better foster students' adaptive use of subtraction strategies compared to blocked practice. It has not been previously investigated whether all students benefit equally from these teaching approaches. While interleaving subtraction tasks prompts students' attention to the different task…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Subtraction, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level
Linnenbrink-Garcia, Lisa – Discourse Processes: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 2022
The articles in this special issue take an important step in beginning to test the PET framework. Together, these articles illustrate the importance of considering individual differences in attitudes and prior knowledge as well as differences in task demands when investigating the role of emotions in shaping cognitive processing while reading…
Descriptors: Psychological Patterns, Individual Differences, Student Attitudes, Prior Learning
Tugtekin, Ufuk; Odabasi, Hatice Ferhan – Education and Information Technologies, 2023
Learning environments are undergoing a dynamic alteration with the robust impact of technological transformation. Therefore, adapting to dynamic learning settings has now become a key criterion for academic performance. The factors that we know have a detrimental effect on learners' academic performance and cognitive capacity are related to…
Descriptors: Computer Simulation, Time Management, Executive Function, Difficulty Level
Wang, Bo; Ginns, Paul; Mockler, Nicole – Educational Psychology Review, 2022
Cognitive load theory's incorporation of evolutionary perspectives has generated several instructional designs based on movement, including the tracing effect, occurring when learners benefit from explicit instructions to trace out specific elements of lesson materials with the index finger. Historical descriptions of children's tracing behaviours…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Imagination, Prior Learning
Endres, Tino; Lovell, Oliver; Morkunas, David; Rieß, Werner; Renkl, Alexander – British Journal of Educational Psychology, 2023
Background & Aims: Cognitive load theory assumes that the higher the learner's prior knowledge (i.e., the more expert the learner), the lower the intrinsic cognitive load (complexity) experienced for a given problem. While this is the case in many scenarios, there can be cases in which the converse is also true, resulting in more expert…
Descriptors: Prior Learning, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Problem Solving
Jin, Hao-Yue; Cutumisu, Maria – Education and Information Technologies, 2023
Computational thinking (CT) skills of pre-service teachers have been explored extensively, but the effectiveness of CT training has yielded mixed results in previous studies. Thus, it is necessary to identify patterns in the relationships between predictors of CT and CT skills to further support CT development. This study developed an online CT…
Descriptors: Preservice Teachers, Computation, Thinking Skills, Predictor Variables
Julius Moritz Meier; Peter Hesse; Stephan Abele; Alexander Renkl; Inga Glogger-Frey – Journal of Computer Assisted Learning, 2024
Background: In example-based learning, examples are often combined with generative activities, such as comparative self-explanations of example cases. Comparisons induce heavy demands on working memory, especially in complex domains. Hence, only stronger learners may benefit from comparative self-explanations. While static text-based examples can…
Descriptors: Video Technology, Models, Cues, Problem Solving
Moon, Jung Aa; Lindner, Marlit Annalena; Arslan, Burcu; Keehner, Madeleine – Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice, 2022
Many test items use both an image and text, but present them in a spatially separate manner. This format could potentially cause a split-attention effect in which the test taker's cognitive load is increased by having to split attention between the image and text, while mentally integrating the two sources of information. We investigated the…
Descriptors: Computer Assisted Testing, Cognitive Processes, Difficulty Level, Attention
Catherine Maria Pulupa – ProQuest LLC, 2024
The United States government is perennially in need of employees with proficiency in critical foreign languages to communicate with foreign counterparts and maintain relationships worldwide. In order to fulfill this need, the government devotes significant resources training federal employees to advanced levels of language proficiency through…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Proficiency, Adult Learning, Measurement Techniques
Liu, Jinghua; Becker, Kirk – Journal of Educational Measurement, 2022
For any testing programs that administer multiple forms across multiple years, maintaining score comparability via equating is essential. With continuous testing and high-stakes results, especially with less secure online administrations, testing programs must consider the potential for cheating on their exams. This study used empirical and…
Descriptors: Cheating, Item Response Theory, Scores, High Stakes Tests
Jingjing Ma; Qingtang Liu; Shufan Yu; Jindian Liu; Xiaojuan Li; Chunhua Wang – British Journal of Educational Technology, 2025
This research employs the fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) method to investigate the configurations of multiple factors influencing scientific concept learning, including augmented reality (AR) technology, the concept map (CM) strategy and individual differences (eg, prior knowledge, experience and attitudes). A quasi-experiment…
Descriptors: Science Education, Scientific Concepts, Comparative Analysis, Qualitative Research
Tchoshanov, Mourat; Fierro, Kevin; Shakirova, Gulshat – For the Learning of Mathematics, 2022
Not-knowing is an underexplored concept defined as an individual's ability to be aware of what they do not know to plan and effectively face complex situations. This paper focuses on analyzing students' articulation of not-knowing while completing geometric reasoning tasks. Results of this study revealed that not-knowing is a more cognitively…
Descriptors: Geometry, Mathematics Instruction, Knowledge Level, Mathematical Logic