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Download full textKhaksefidi, Saman – International Education Studies, 2017
This study investigates the psychological effect of a wrong question with wrong items on answering to the next question in a test of structure. Forty students selected through stratified random sampling are given 15 questions of a standardized test namely a TOEFL structure test in which questions number 7 and number 11 are wrong and their answers…
Descriptors: Language Tests, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Statistical Analysis
Direct linkYashima, Tomoko; MacIntyre, Peter D.; Ikeda, Maiko – Language Teaching Research, 2018
Recently, situated willingness to communicate (WTC) has received increasing research attention in addition to traditional quantitative studies of trait-like WTC. This article is an addition to the former but unique in two ways. First, it investigates both trait and state WTC in a classroom context and explores ways to combine the two to reach a…
Descriptors: Individual Characteristics, Second Language Learning, Second Language Instruction, College Students
