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"Affirmative Action" and Equal Protection in Higher Education. CRS Report R45481, Version 3. Updated
Download full textBack, Christine J.; Hsin, JD S. – Congressional Research Service, 2019
The last several years have seen renewed debate over the role that race plays in higher education--a debate over "affirmative action." The report first considers "affirmative action" in its original sense: the "mandatory" race-conscious measures that the federal courts have imposed on "de jure" segregated…
Descriptors: Affirmative Action, Equal Protection, Higher Education, Federal Courts
Rebell, Michael A. – Campaign for Educational Equity, Teachers College, Columbia University, 2011
Raising academic standards and eliminating achievement gaps between advantaged and disadvantaged students are America's prime national educational goals. Current federal and state policies, however, largely ignore the fact that the childhood poverty rate in the United States is 21%, the highest in the industrialized world, and that poverty…
Descriptors: Educational Opportunities, Low Income Students, Constitutional Law, Equal Protection
