This paper describes Alkaline, a size-reduced version of Kyber, which has recently been announced as a prototype NIST standard for post-quantum public-key cryptography. While not as simple as RSA, I believe that Alkaline can be used in an undergraduate classroom to effectively teach the techniques and principles behind Kyber and post-quantum…

This study examines how Scratch can influence mathematical generalization in secondary school students. Real-life problems were adapted and presented to students as part of a problem-solving process. The study focused on the generalization process in terms of mathematization and verification. Data was collected through screen recordings and…

Classroom observations are an integral part of qualitative educational research. Traditionally, classroom observations have been done in-person, with one or more researchers being physically present in a classroom to observe and take field notes. With the proliferation of video technology, researchers are now able to conduct classroom observations…

Teachers often use open-ended questions to promote students' deeper understanding of the content. These questions are particularly useful in K-12 mathematics education, as they provide richer insights into students' problem-solving processes compared to closed-ended questions. However, they are also challenging to implement in educational…

TPACK (technological pedagogical content knowledge) has been widely used as a framework for understanding and creating teacher professional development experiences with technology, including teacher learning about programming and computational thinking (CT), which refers to the set of problem-solving practices inherent to the computer science…

Evidence in South Africa of poor performance on word problems points to particular challenges among learners relating to difficulties with, on the one hand, making sense of mathematical word problems and, on the other, moving beyond inefficient counting based calculation methods. While many studies in mathematics education in South Africa have…

Mathematics achievement is positively associated with coding in the classroom. By making mathematical relationships visible to students as they code, teachers leverage rich connections between block-based computer programming and mathematical sense making. In this article, the authors describe strategies for adapting a Code.org lesson integrating…

Most mathematicians state mathematics is a field of beauty, creativity, and innovation, yet what is echoed by students is not how mathematics allows students to explore, but rather the ways in which it constrains and does not necessitate creativity. In comparison, many students associate coding with freedom, and the ability to create and express…

As computer-science-for-all initiatives continue to grow, many schools are looking for ways to introduce computer science skills and thinking to elementary-age children. Some initiatives have focused on coding as its own endeavor, not integrated with other subjects like mathematics, science, or literacy. Increasingly, developers and researchers…

Ciphers based on rotor machines were the state-of-the-art in the mid-1900s, with arguably the most famous being the German Enigma. We have found that students have great interest in the Enigma and its cryptanalysis, so we created our own rotor cipher that is simulated with shifting tables and can be cryptanalyzed. Ours and the historic rotor…

Robot toys can be used to promote STEM subjects, particularly coding and mathematics. The lesson described in this article illustrates how a robot toy was used with a number line to explore equality and missing addends in Year 1. The lesson progression models how activities can be sequenced to build on developing understandings while supporting…

The integration of coding in K-12 mathematics education is occurring throughout jurisdictions around the world. Best practices for applying coding practices in teaching mathematics are gaining research attention, and teacher education programmes are increasingly offering professional development to support this initiative. This paper discusses…

This research investigates the impact of mathematical problems created with Scratch on the problem-solving skills of 8th-grade middle school students. The research was based on the descriptive design of mixed research approaches. In this direction, the research model was single-group pretest-posttest design, which is a weak experimental design…

Expansive Framing (EF) is a theory and an instructional technique to facilitate connections between content and contexts. We employed EF as an approach to create a series of integrated mathematics and computer science (CS) lessons, using digital technology as a tool to leverage shared mathematical and computational ideas. We used deductive…

This research paper explores the integration of ChatGPT as a tool for interactive learning of numerical methods in a differential equations (DEs) course. DE course is crucial for engineering students to model real-world phenomena. However, many DE courses focus only on analytical solutions and neglect important numerical solutions. To overcome…