Previous researchers have proposed the a priori procedure, whereby the researcher specifies, prior to data collection, how closely she wishes the sample means to approach corresponding population means, and the degree of confidence of meeting the specification. However, an important limitation of previous research is that researchers sometimes are…

Causal analyses typically focus on average treatment effects. Yet for substantive research on topics like inequality, interest extends to treatments' distributional consequences. When individuals differ in their responses to treatment, three types of inequality may result. Treatment may shape inequalities between subgroups defined by pretreatment…

Regression is one of the dominant analysis methods used in the social sciences and educational sciences. There are different regression methods based on the type of research that is being conducted. The probit and logit regression models are regression methods which are being used recently by most researchers. However, their interpretations are…

Mixed-effects models can be used to examine the association between a categorical moderator and the magnitude of the effect size. Two approaches are available to estimate the residual between-studies variance, t[superscript 2][subscript res] --namely, separate estimation within each category of the moderator versus pooled estimation across all…

Concept mapping is a popular tool for knowledge structure assessment. In recent years, both the amount of research about concept maps and their measurement ability have grown. It has been shown that concept maps with different types of tasks, for instance, links between concepts given or selected by a respondent, provide information about the…

Purpose: Anterior tongue shape during /s/ production is often described as "tip-up" or apical, versus "tipdown" or laminal. Typically, this is determined by observing the shape of the anterior midline tongue. The purpose of this study was to identify methods of curvature calculation that quantify the observed shape differences…

Two approaches for the statistical analysis of social network generation are widely used; the tie-oriented exponential random graph model (ERGM) and the stochastic actor-oriented model (SAOM) or Siena model. While the choice for either model by empirical researchers often seems arbitrary, there are important differences between these models that…

Differences in rater judgments that are systematically related to construct-irrelevant characteristics threaten the fairness of rater-mediated writing assessments. Accordingly, it is essential that researchers and practitioners examine the degree to which the psychometric quality of rater judgments is comparable across test-taker subgroups.…

Reliable measurements are key to social science research. Multiple measures of reliability of the total score have been developed, including coefficient alpha, coefficient omega, the greatest lower bound reliability, and others. Among these, the coefficient alpha has been most widely used, and it is reported in nearly every study involving the…

Researchers are often interested in establishing equivalence of population variances. Traditional difference-based procedures are appropriate to answer questions about differences in some statistic (e.g., variances, etc.). However, if a researcher is interested in evaluating the equivalence of population variances, it is more appropriate to use a…

The purpose of the present study is to compare nonnormal distributions (i.e., t, skew-normal, skew-t with equal skew and skew-t with unequal skew) in growth mixture models (GMMs) based on diverse conditions of a number of time points, sample sizes, and skewness for intercepts. To carry out this research, two simulation studies were conducted with…

In order to study the manifestation of data sense and identify ways of thinking about variability in authentically realistic problems in a group of Chilean fifth-grade students, a lesson plan was designed and implemented, within the framework of statistical literacy and using the "lesson study" modality, in which students were urged to…

At least sixteen US states have taken steps toward holding teacher preparation programs (TPPs) accountable for teacher value-added to student test scores. Yet it is unclear whether teacher quality differences between TPPs are large enough to make an accountability system worthwhile. Several statistical practices can make differences between TPPs…

Randomized experiments can provide key insights for improving educational technologies, but many students may experience conditions associated with inferior learning outcomes in these experiments. Multiarmed bandit (MAB) algorithms can address this issue by accumulating evidence from the experiment as it runs and modifying the experimental design…

Sixty one female and eighty one male volunteers participated in the study that aims to assess the nutrition habits according to human chronotype and nutritional status of morningness and eveningness. Chronotype was assessed by Turkish version of the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire and the other questionnaire prepared to assess of nutritional…