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Direct linkUmay Sen; Wangchuk; Nidup Dorji; Pär Nyström; Johanna Hellberg; Gustaf Gredebäck – Developmental Science, 2026
This study examines the links between urbanization-related factors (crowding, access to institutions, and socioeconomic status) and cognitive development in young children (3-5 years old) in Bhutan, a rapidly urbanizing country in the Global South. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on data from 443 families, we find that SES is the…
Descriptors: Urbanization, Child Development, Socioeconomic Influences, Environmental Influences
Evans, Gary W.; Ricciuti, Henry N.; Hope, Steven; Schoon, Ingrid; Bradley, Robert H.; Corwyn, Robert F.; Hazan, Cindy – Environment and Behavior, 2010
Residential crowding in both U.S. and U.K. samples of 36-month-old children is related concurrently to the Bracken scale, a standard index of early cognitive development skills including letter and color identification, shape recognition, and elementary numeric comprehension. In the U.S. sample, these effects also replicate prospectively.…
Descriptors: Mothers, Crowding, Cognitive Development, Child Development
