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Haberman, Shelby J. – Educational Testing Service, 2010
Sampling errors limit the accuracy with which forms can be linked. Limitations on accuracy are especially important in testing programs in which a very large number of forms are employed. Standard inequalities in mathematical statistics may be used to establish lower bounds on the achievable inking accuracy. To illustrate results, a variety of…
Descriptors: Testing Programs, Equated Scores, Sampling, Accuracy
Ackerman, Debra J.; Coley, Richard J. – Educational Testing Service, 2012
Preschool education is increasingly being recognized as an integral part of efforts to ensure that all children enter school ready to learn and as a way to help close the achievement gaps that exist at the time children enter kindergarten. Such efforts are growing across the country. According to the most recent data, 54 different preschool…
Descriptors: Learning Readiness, Student Evaluation, Preschool Education, Young Children