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Zaman, Jonas; Yu, Kenny; Lee, Jessica C. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2023
In the field of stimulus generalization, an old yet unresolved discussion pertains to what extent stimulus misidentifications contribute to the pattern of conditioned responding. In this article, we perform cluster analysis on six datasets (four published datasets and two unpublished datasets, included N = 950) to examine the relationship between…
Descriptors: Individual Differences, Stimuli, Identification, Cognitive Processes
Ostroff, Linnaea E.; Cain, Christopher K. – Learning & Memory, 2022
Local protein synthesis at synapses can provide a rapid supply of proteins to support synaptic changes during consolidation of new memories, but its role in the maintenance or updating of established memories is unknown. Consolidation requires new protein synthesis in the period immediately following learning, whereas established memories are…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Associative Learning, Brain, Cognitive Processes
Yokose, Jun; Marks, William D.; Yamamoto, Naoki; Ogawa, Sachie K.; Kitamura, Takashi – Learning & Memory, 2021
Temporal association learning (TAL) allows for the linkage of distinct, nonsynchronous events across a period of time. This function is driven by neural interactions in the entorhinal cortical-hippocampal network, especially the neural input from the pyramidal cells in layer III of medial entorhinal cortex (MECIII) to hippocampal CA1 is crucial…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Brain Hemisphere Functions, Neurological Organization, Stimuli
Kikas, Katarina; Westbrook, R. Frederick; Holmes, Nathan M. – Learning & Memory, 2021
Four experiments examined the effects of a dangerous context and a systemic epinephrine injection on sensory preconditioning in rats. In each experiment, rats were exposed to presentations of a tone and light in stage 1, light-shock pairings in stage 2, and test presentations of the tone alone and light alone in stage 3. Presentations of the tone…
Descriptors: Sensory Experience, Conditioning, Animals, Visual Stimuli
Tovar-Díaz, Jorge; Morín, Jean-Pascal; Ríos-Carrillo, Jorge Eduardo; de Jesús, Hilda Sánchez; Roldán-Roldán, Gabriel – Learning & Memory, 2021
In conditioned odor aversion (COA), the association of a tasteless odorized solution (the conditioned stimulus [CS]) with an intraperitoneal injection of LiCl (the unconditioned stimulus [US]), which produces visceral malaise, results in its future avoidance. The strength of this associative memory is mainly dependent on two parameters, that is,…
Descriptors: Short Term Memory, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Olfactory Perception
Binder, Matthew S.; Kim, Andrew D.; Lugo, Joaquin N. – Learning & Memory, 2020
Memory deficits significantly decrease an individual's quality of life and are a pervasive comorbidity of epilepsy. Despite the various distinct processes of memory, the majority of epilepsy research has focused on seizures during the encoding phase of memory, therefore the effects of a seizure on other memory processes is relatively unknown. In…
Descriptors: Seizures, Memory, Neurological Impairments, Epilepsy
Weiglein, Alice; Gerstner, Florian; Mancini, Nino; Schleyer, Michael; Gerber, Bertram – Learning & Memory, 2019
Animals of many species are capable of "small data" learning, that is, of learning without repetition. Here we introduce larval "Drosophila melanogaster" as a relatively simple study case for such one-trial learning. Using odor-food associative conditioning, we first show that a sugar that is both sweet and nutritious…
Descriptors: Animals, Associative Learning, Conditioning, Memory
Xia, Yanfang; Gurkina, Angelina; Bach, Dominik R. – Learning & Memory, 2019
Threat conditioning is a common associative learning model with translational relevance. How threat-conditioned cues impact on formally unrelated instrumental behavior in humans is not well known. Such an effect is known as Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer (PIT). While PIT with aversive primary Pavlovian reinforcers is established in nonhuman…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Fear, Associative Learning, Reinforcement
Tallot, Lucille; Diaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Perry, Rosemarie E.; Wood, Kira; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sullivan, Regina M.; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2017
The updating of a memory is triggered whenever it is reactivated and a mismatch from what is expected (i.e., prediction error) is detected, a process that can be unraveled through the memory's sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors (i.e., reconsolidation). As noted in previous studies, in Pavlovian threat/aversive conditioning in adult rats,…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Error Patterns, Cognitive Processes, Brain
Kalbe, Felix; Schwabe, Lars – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2020
Stimuli encoded shortly before an aversive event are typically well remembered. Traditionally, this emotional memory enhancement has been attributed to beneficial effects of physiological arousal on memory formation. Here, we proposed an additional mechanism and tested whether memory formation is driven by the unpredictable nature of aversive…
Descriptors: Prediction, Memory, Fear, Conditioning
Nelson, James Byron; Fabiano, Andrew M.; Lamoureux, Jeffrey A. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Two experiments assessed the effects of extinguishing a conditioned cue on subsequent context conditioning. Each experiment used a different video-game method where sensors predicted attacking spaceships and participants responded to the sensor in a way that prepared them for the upcoming attack. In Experiment 1 extinction of a cue which signaled…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Arousal Patterns, Attention, Context Effect
Merschbaecher, Katja; Hatko, Lucyna; Folz, Jennifer; Mueller, Uli – Learning & Memory, 2016
Acetylation of histones changes the efficiency of the transcription processes and thus contributes to the formation of long-term memory (LTM). In our comparative study, we used two inhibitors to characterize the contribution of different histone acetyl transferases (HATs) to appetitive associative learning in the honeybee. For one we applied…
Descriptors: Inhibition, Long Term Memory, Cognitive Processes, Comparative Analysis
Halverson, Hunter E.; Poremba, Amy; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Associative learning tasks commonly involve an auditory stimulus, which must be projected through the auditory system to the sites of memory induction for learning to occur. The cochlear nucleus (CN) projection to the pontine nuclei has been posited as the necessary auditory pathway for cerebellar learning, including eyeblink conditioning.…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Auditory Stimuli, Retention (Psychology), Conditioning
Holmes, Nathan M.; Westbrook, R. Frederick – Learning & Memory, 2014
Four experiments used rats to study appetitive-aversive transfer. Rats trained to eat a palatable food in a distinctive context and shocked in that context ate and did not freeze when tested 1 d later but froze and did not eat when tested 14 d later. These results were associatively mediated (Experiments 1 and 2), observed when rats were or were…
Descriptors: Animals, Fear, Food, Negative Reinforcement
Brown, Kevin L.; Freeman, John H. – Learning & Memory, 2014
Eyeblink conditioning is a well-established model for studying the developmental neurobiology of associative learning and memory. However, age differences in extinction and subsequent reacquisition have yet to be studied using this model. The present study examined extinction and reacquisition of eyeblink conditioning in developing rats. In…
Descriptors: Animals, Conditioning, Neurological Organization, Associative Learning