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Bader, Farah; Wiener, Martin – Learning & Memory, 2021
Behavioral and electrophysiology studies have shown that humans possess a certain self-awareness of their individual timing ability. However, conflicting reports raise concerns about whether humans can discern the direction of their timing error, calling into question the extent of this timing awareness. To understand the depth of this ability,…
Descriptors: Feedback (Response), Metacognition, Time, Error Patterns
Bein, Oded; Plotkin, Natalie A.; Davachi, Lila – Learning & Memory, 2021
When our experience violates our predictions, it is adaptive to update our knowledge to promote a more accurate representation of the world and facilitate future predictions. Theoretical models propose that these mnemonic prediction errors should be encoded into a distinct memory trace to prevent interference with previous, conflicting memories.…
Descriptors: Mnemonics, Prediction, Memory, Expectation
Zhang, Mengting; Hupbach, Almut – Learning & Memory, 2020
In a 2014 issue of "Learning & Memory," Reagh and Yassa proposed that repeated encoding leads to semanticization and loss of perceptual detail in memory. We presented object images one or three times and tested recognition of targets and corresponding similar lures. Correct lure rejections after one in comparison to three exposures…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Semantics, Memory, Recognition (Psychology)
Wu, Zhemeng; Kavanova, Martina; Hickman, Lydia; Lin, Fiona; Buckley, Mark J. – Learning & Memory, 2020
According to dual-process theory, recognition memory performance draws upon two processes, familiarity and recollection. The relative contribution to recognition memory are commonly distinguished in humans by analyzing receiver-operating-characteristics (ROC) curves; analogous methods are more complex and very rare in animals but fast familiarity…
Descriptors: Memory, Recognition (Psychology), Familiarity, Recall (Psychology)
Westerberg, Carmen E.; Hawkins, Christopher A.; Rendon, Lauren – Learning & Memory, 2018
Reality-monitoring errors occur when internally generated thoughts are remembered as external occurrences. We hypothesized that sleep-dependent memory consolidation could reduce them by strengthening connections between items and their contexts during an afternoon nap. Participants viewed words and imagined their referents. Pictures of the…
Descriptors: Sleep, Memory, Hypothesis Testing, Visual Stimuli
Rollins, Leslie; Khuu, Alexis; Lodi, Nafeesa – Learning & Memory, 2019
On forced-choice tests of recognition memory, performance is best when targets are paired with novel foils (A-X), followed by corresponding lures (A-A'), and then noncorresponding lures (A-B'). The current study tested the prediction that encoding variability accounts for reduced performance on A-B' trials. Young adults (n = 43) completed the…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Recognition (Psychology), Memory, Young Adults
Piantadosi, Patrick T.; Lieberman, Abby G.; Pickens, Charles L.; Bergstrom, Hadley C.; Holmes, Andrew – Learning & Memory, 2019
Cognitive flexibility refers to various processes which enable behaviors to be modified on the basis of a change in the contingencies between stimuli or responses and their associated outcomes. Reversal learning is a form of cognitive flexibility which measures the ability to adjust responding based on a switch in the stimulus--outcome…
Descriptors: Animals, Cognitive Processes, Behavior Modification, Stimuli
Frank, Darya; Montaldi, Daniela; Wittmann, Bianca; Talmi, Deborah – Learning & Memory, 2018
Mental schemas provide a framework into which new information can easily be integrated. In a series of experiments, we examined how incongruence that stems from a prediction error modulates memory for multicomponent events that instantiated preexisting schemas as noted in a previous study. Each event consisted of four stimulus pairs with…
Descriptors: Memory, Prediction, Error Patterns, Cues
Tallot, Lucille; Diaz-Mataix, Lorenzo; Perry, Rosemarie E.; Wood, Kira; LeDoux, Joseph E.; Mouly, Anne-Marie; Sullivan, Regina M.; Doyère, Valérie – Learning & Memory, 2017
The updating of a memory is triggered whenever it is reactivated and a mismatch from what is expected (i.e., prediction error) is detected, a process that can be unraveled through the memory's sensitivity to protein synthesis inhibitors (i.e., reconsolidation). As noted in previous studies, in Pavlovian threat/aversive conditioning in adult rats,…
Descriptors: Long Term Memory, Error Patterns, Cognitive Processes, Brain
Sinclair, Alyssa H.; Barense, Morgan D. – Learning & Memory, 2018
Through the process of "reconsolidation," reminders can temporarily destabilize memories and render them vulnerable to change. Recent rodent research has proposed that prediction error, or the element of surprise, is a key component of this process; yet, this hypothesis has never before been extended to complex episodic memories in…
Descriptors: Memory, Prediction, Error Patterns, Cues
Faraut, Mailys C. M.; Procyk, Emmanuel; Wilson, Charles R. E. – Learning & Memory, 2016
Unexpected outcomes can reflect noise in the environment or a change in the current rules. We should ignore noise but shift strategy after rule changes. How we learn to do this is unclear, but one possibility is that it relies on learning to learn in uncertain environments. We propose that acquisition of latent task structure during learning to…
Descriptors: Learning, Cognitive Processes, Animals, Error Patterns
Alfei, Joaquín M.; Monti, Roque I. Ferrer; Molina, Victor A.; Bueno, Adrián M.; Urcelay, Gonzalo P. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Different mnemonic outcomes have been observed when associative memories are reactivated by CS exposure and followed by amnestics. These outcomes include mere retrieval, destabilization-reconsolidation, a transitional period (which is insensitive to amnestics), and extinction learning. However, little is known about the interaction between initial…
Descriptors: Prediction, Fear, Memory, Training
Basile, Benjamin M.; Hampton, Robert R. – Learning & Memory, 2013
One influential model of recognition posits two underlying memory processes: recollection, which is detailed but relatively slow, and familiarity, which is quick but lacks detail. Most of the evidence for this dual-process model in nonhumans has come from analyses of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves in rats, but whether ROC analyses…
Descriptors: Animals, Recognition (Psychology), Cognitive Processes, Familiarity
Yang, Mu; Lewis, Freeman C.; Sarvi, Michael S.; Foley, Gillian M.; Crawley, Jacqueline N. – Learning & Memory, 2015
Chromosomal 16p11.2 deletion syndrome frequently presents with intellectual disabilities, speech delays, and autism. Here we investigated the Dolmetsch line of 16p11.2 heterozygous (+/-) mice on a range of cognitive tasks with different neuroanatomical substrates. Robust novel object recognition deficits were replicated in two cohorts of 16p11.2…
Descriptors: Intellectual Disability, Delayed Speech, Autism, Genetics
Lee, Hongjoo J.; Gallagher, Michela; Holland, Peter C. – Learning & Memory, 2010
The central amygdala nucleus (CeA) plays a critical role in cognitive processes beyond fear conditioning. For example, intact CeA function is essential for enhancing attention to conditioned stimuli (CSs). Furthermore, this enhanced attention depends on the CeA's connections to the nigrostriatal system. In the current study, we examined the role…
Descriptors: Testing, Conditioning, Prediction, Cognitive Processes
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