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Publication Date

In 2026

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Access to Education	1
Child Development	1
Cognitive Ability	1
Cognitive Development	1
Crowding	1
Environmental Influences	1
Foreign Countries	1
Income	1
Parent Background	1
Predictor Variables	1
Socioeconomic Influences	1
Socioeconomic Status	1
Urbanization	1
Young Children	1
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Developmental Science

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Gustaf Gredebäck	1
Johanna Hellberg	1
Nidup Dorji	1
Pär Nyström	1
Umay Sen	1
Wangchuk	1

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Journal Articles	1
Reports - Research	1

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Bhutan

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Urbanization and Child Development: Investigating Socioeconomic, Structural, and Environmental Influences on Cognitive Development

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Umay Sen; Wangchuk; Nidup Dorji; Pär Nyström; Johanna Hellberg; Gustaf Gredebäck – Developmental Science, 2026

This study examines the links between urbanization-related factors (crowding, access to institutions, and socioeconomic status) and cognitive development in young children (3-5 years old) in Bhutan, a rapidly urbanizing country in the Global South. Using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) on data from 443 families, we find that SES is the…

Descriptors: Urbanization, Child Development, Socioeconomic Influences, Environmental Influences