3D visualization tools have been developed to assist in the anatomical learning of medical students, but the evidence on the effectiveness of these tools is inconsistent. Conventional 3D materials are often displayed on 2D screens, which can limit their educational impact. This study evaluates the effectiveness of the presentation of 3D learning…

The increasing adoption of advanced simulation technologies (virtual reality, augmented reality, sophisticated mannequins) in anatomical science education offers undeniable pedagogical advantages, including safe practice environments and enhanced visualization of complex structures. This article explores the simulation paradox, arguing that the…

A deep understanding of pelvic floor anatomy requires a three-dimensional visualization of the spatial relationships among pelvic neurovasculature, soft tissue structures, and bony landmarks, which are highly complex and difficult to comprehend solely through traditional teaching methods such as didactic lectures and anatomical dissection. This…

Radioanatomy, short for radiographic anatomy, is the study of anatomy through medical imaging. Its early-stage introduction into medical curricula has been recommended in the literature. As with many other medical courses, it has seen a shift toward blended learning, including assessment on learning management systems such as Moodle, one advantage…

This descriptive report explores the implementation of the use of plastinated specimens in a Doctor of Physical Therapy human anatomy curriculum as an alternative to traditional body donor dissection. Plastination, a preservation technique developed in the 1970s, creates durable and flexible specimens that retain detailed anatomical features. The…

This exploratory study investigates anatomy faculty perceptions on the incorporation of ultrasound (US) in anatomy education, focusing on spatial understanding (SU) and cognitive load (CL) implications. An online survey was administered anonymously to members of the International Federation of Associations of Anatomists. The survey gathered…

Mixed reality (MR) offers a way to visualize and manipulate complex digital objects in three dimensions, which is particularly beneficial for human anatomy. However, implementing MR effectively requires a deep understanding of its effects on cognitive processes. The purpose of this study was to evaluate cognitive markers of students' engagement…

Traditional education often relies on passive learning approaches, whereas modern medical students increasingly seek interactive, technology-enhanced experiences. Despite the growing use of digital tools in anatomy education, there remains a lack of structured, student-centered 3D modeling courses embedded within the undergraduate medical…