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Ali Çagatay Kilinç; Nedim Özdemir – Educational Studies, 2025
This study investigated the mediated distributed leadership effects on student achievement through teacher job satisfaction and disciplinary climate in Turkish high schools. We employed school-, teacher-, and student-level datasets drawn from the 2018 PISA and TALIS datasets and performed a multilevel structural equation model (MSEM). The results…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Centralization, Educational Practices, Teacher Attitudes
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Shelly Xueting Ye; Jia Shi – Educational Studies, 2025
Copying words by writing and typing are two effective methods in traditional learning, but their merits for learning L2 words have seldom been compared. Because of technological advances and the growing popularity of utilising smart mobile products to acquire L2 vocabulary, this study investigated the effectiveness of writing and typing techniques…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Language Acquisition, Handheld Devices, Electronic Learning