Intelligent technology plays a pivotal role in revolutionizing learning assessments, overcoming the constraints of traditional assessment methods and driving educational innovation. Knowledge tracing (KT) emerges as a critical component for assessing students' learning states and forecasting their future performance. However, existing graph-based…

This study explores the potential to enhance the performance of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for automated scoring of kinematic graph answers through data augmentation using Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs). By developing and fine-tuning a DCGAN model to generate high-quality graph images, we explored its…

Knowledge tracing (KT) plays a key role in adaptive learning, yet traditional recurrent neural network-based methods often struggle with sparse data and overlook relationships between knowledge points. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a novel knowledge tracing model (KGS-KT) that integrates knowledge graphs, graph convolutional…

This study addressed an issue relevant to information and research literacy: how students cope with the challenges of reading a one-sided informational text that is combined with ambiguous graphical information. The topic discussed in the text was the impact of digitalization on students' reading comprehension, and 120 university students were…

The aim of this paper is to explore the use of function graphs to model a given picture of the Golden Gate Bridge, an iconic architectural structure located in San Francisco. This illustration is sourced from the guide on drawing the Golden Gate Bridge ("How to Draw the Golden Gate Bridge", n.d.). We use the digital graphing calculator…

School-based citizen science (SBCS) provides opportunities for teachers to purposefully integrate mathematics and science content and practices throughout the year. With SBCS projects, students have countless opportunities to apply their mathematics skills within the context of science data collection and sense making. This article details how a…

One challenging issue in improving the teaching and learning methods in MOOCs is to construct potential knowledge graphs from massive learning resources. Therefore, this study proposes knowledge graphs driving online learning behaviour prediction and multi-learning task recommendation in MOOCs. Based on the knowledge graphs supported by…

The aim of this study is to investigate how students graphically represent qualitative and quantitative aspects of co-varying quantities in an embodied digital learning environment that provides feedback in the form of an animation showing what kind of motion their graph represents and how this feedback helped them to overcome typical graphing…

The ability to accurately interpret mathematical functions is crucial for understanding complex physical and mathematical concepts. Differentiating isothermal from adiabatic change of state in p-V diagrams respectively graphs of indirectly proportional functions from graphs of power functions in x-y diagrams presents a common challenge for…

In the boxplot, the box always represents -- regardless of its area -- the middle half of the data and thus a measure of variability (interquartile range). However, when students first learn about boxplots, they are usual already familiar with other forms of statistical representations (e.g., bar or circle graphs) in which a larger area represents…

We describe and evaluate a method to mitigate unwanted student collaborations in assessments, which we recently implemented in a second-year undergraduate mathematics module. The method requires a list of specific pairs of students to be prevented from collaborating, which we constructed based on the results of previous assessments. We converted…

Reading and understanding scientific texts is useful and necessary in many informal collaboration settings, including research or innovation collaborations, or when discussing public science in lay peer groups. In this work, we investigate whether an interactive predefined concept map that builds up gradually while reading a scientific research…

The objective of question generation from knowledge graphs (KGQG) is to create coherent and answerable questions from a given subgraph and a specified answer entity. KGQG has garnered significant attention due to its pivotal role in enhancing online education. Encoder-decoder architectures have advanced traditional KGQG approaches. However, these…

Social science theories often postulate systems of causal relationships among variables, which are commonly represented using directed acyclic graphs (DAGs). As non-parametric causal models, DAGs require no assumptions about the functional form of the hypothesized relationships. Nevertheless, to simplify empirical evaluation, researchers typically…

The reliability of assessment tools is critical for accurately monitoring student performance in various educational contexts. When multiple assessments are combined to form an overall evaluation, each assessment serves as a data point contributing to the student's performance within a broader educational framework. Determining composite…