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Direct linkZirkel, Perry A.; Rose, Tessie – Journal of Special Education Leadership, 2009
A systematic analysis of the references to "scientifically based research" (SBR) and closely related terms, such as "peer-reviewed research" (PRR), in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) legislation, regulations, commentary, and case law reveal that SBR and its primary variants apply largely to state support…
Descriptors: Educational Research, Learning Disabilities, School Districts, Technical Assistance
Holler, Rachel; Zirkel, Perry A. – School Administrator, 2008
Section 504 is civil rights legislation that is part of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973. Section 504 directly affects public schools, prohibiting discrimination against persons with disabilities. More specifically to students with disabilities, Section 504 provides various procedural protections and, for students, an entitlement to…
Descriptors: Civil Rights, Civil Rights Legislation, Disabilities, Public Education
Deane, Barbara; Zirkel, Perry A. – American School Board Journal, 1976
It is unclear what kinds of bilingual programs schools will be mandated to provide and the sources of funding are also unclear. (Author/IRT)
Descriptors: Bilingual Education, Court Litigation, Educational Finance, Elementary Secondary Education
Zirkel, Perry A. – Phi Delta Kappan, 2000
A protracted case involving a high-achieving ADHD student who was judged eligible for Section 504 assistance, but not for Individuals with Disabilities Education Act assistance, demonstrates confusing overlaps between programs, problems with overidentifying students as disabled, and the high costs of "legalizing" special education.…
Descriptors: Attention Deficit Disorders, Costs, Court Litigation, Due Process
