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Xu, Ting Sophia; Zhang, Lawrence Jun; Gaffney, Janet S. – Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 2022
While many studies have investigated the effect of task complexity on L2 writing, little has been reported on the effects of intended task complexity manipulations on task-generated cognitive demands in L2 writing. This study, therefore, was designed to examine the relative effects of task complexity and cognitive demands on students' L2 writing.…
Descriptors: Writing (Composition), Second Language Learning, Difficulty Level, Cognitive Processes
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Rahimi, Muhammad; Zhang, Lawrence Jun – Reading and Writing: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2019
This study explored the effects of increasing the number of elements and the degree of reasoning on second language (L2) writing and also examined the relationship between writing motivational beliefs and anxiety and L2 writing in simple versus complex tasks. Sixty upper-intermediate L2 learners were invited to write simple and complex…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Writing (Composition), Student Motivation, Anxiety
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Ong, Justina; Zhang, Lawrence Jun – Journal of Second Language Writing, 2010
Based on Robinson's (2001a,b, 2003) Cognition Hypothesis and Skehan's (1998) Limited Attentional Capacity Model, this study explored the effects of task complexity on the fluency and lexical complexity of 108 EFL students' argumentative writing. Task complexity was manipulated using three factors: (1) availability of planning time; (2) provision…
Descriptors: Difficulty Level, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning, Persuasive Discourse