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Wainer, Howard; Lukhele, Robert – Educational and Psychological Measurement, 1997
The reliability of scores from four forms of the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL) was estimated using a hybrid item response theory model. It was found that there was very little difference between overall reliability when the testlet items were assumed to be independent and when their dependence was modeled. (Author/SLD)
Descriptors: English (Second Language), Item Response Theory, Scores, Second Language Learning

Morgan, Anne; Wainer, Howard – Journal of Educational Statistics, 1980
Two estimation procedures for the Rasch Model of test analysis are reviewed in detail, particularly with respect to new developments that make the more statistically rigorous conditional maximum likelihood estimation practical for use with longish tests. (Author/JKS)
Descriptors: Error of Measurement, Latent Trait Theory, Maximum Likelihood Statistics, Psychometrics